Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 223 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\frac {d x}{b}-\frac {(b c-a d) \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}} \]
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Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 223, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.412, Rules used = {396, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210} \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ) (b c-a d)}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+1\right ) (b c-a d)}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {d x}{b} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 217
Rule 396
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {d x}{b}-\frac {(-b c+a d) \int \frac {1}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{b} \\ & = \frac {d x}{b}+\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b} x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {a} b}+\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {a} b} \\ & = \frac {d x}{b}+\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}} \\ & = \frac {d x}{b}-\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}} \\ & = \frac {d x}{b}-\frac {(b c-a d) \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}-\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}}+\frac {(b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{5/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 196, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\frac {8 a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{b} d x-2 \sqrt {2} (b c-a d) \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )+2 \sqrt {2} (b c-a d) \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )-\sqrt {2} (b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )+\sqrt {2} (b c-a d) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{8 a^{3/4} b^{5/4}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 3.94 (sec) , antiderivative size = 42, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.19
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {d x}{b}+\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (-a d +b c \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{4 b^{2}}\) | \(42\) |
default | \(\frac {d x}{b}+\frac {\left (-a d +b c \right ) \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}{x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{8 b a}\) | \(120\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 560, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.51 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=-\frac {b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (a b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (b c - a d\right )} x\right ) + i \, b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (i \, a b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (b c - a d\right )} x\right ) - i \, b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-i \, a b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (b c - a d\right )} x\right ) - b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-a b \left (-\frac {b^{4} c^{4} - 4 \, a b^{3} c^{3} d + 6 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 \, a^{3} b c d^{3} + a^{4} d^{4}}{a^{3} b^{5}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (b c - a d\right )} x\right ) - 4 \, d x}{4 \, b} \]
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 87, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.39 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (256 t^{4} a^{3} b^{5} + a^{4} d^{4} - 4 a^{3} b c d^{3} + 6 a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} - 4 a b^{3} c^{3} d + b^{4} c^{4}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (- \frac {4 t a b}{a d - b c} + x \right )} \right )\right )} + \frac {d x}{b} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 212, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\frac {d x}{b} + \frac {\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (b c - a d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {b} x + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (b c - a d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {b} x - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (b c - a d\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (b c - a d\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}}}{8 \, b} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 245, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.10 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\frac {d x}{b} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b c - \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} a d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, a b^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b c - \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} a d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, a b^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b c - \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} a d\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{8 \, a b^{2}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b c - \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} a d\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{8 \, a b^{2}} \]
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Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 720, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.23 \[ \int \frac {c+d x^4}{a+b x^4} \, dx=\frac {d\,x}{b}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )-\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}+\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )+\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}}{\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )-\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}-\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )+\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )-\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}+\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )+\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}}{\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )-\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}-\frac {\left (x\,\left (4\,a^2\,b\,d^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,b^3\,c^2\right )+\frac {\left (16\,a^2\,b^2\,d-16\,a\,b^3\,c\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}}}\right )\,\left (a\,d-b\,c\right )}{2\,{\left (-a\right )}^{3/4}\,b^{5/4}} \]
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